Spinal Fusion Procedures

Spinal Fusion Surgery: 

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure in which two or more vertebrae in the spine are joined together.  The procedure eliminates pain and instability caused by conditions such as degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, or scoliosis.

When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider

It’s important to be proactive about your health, especially after a surgical procedure. Keep your scheduled follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor your recovery. However, don’t wait for these visits if you notice anything concerning.

Changes in Symptoms

Reach out to your healthcare provider if you observe any alterations in your symptoms. If your symptoms persist longer than mutually anticipated, or evolve in a way that disrupts your daily life, seeking medical advice is crucial. Your provider will guide you on what to expect regarding recovery timelines.

Signs of Infection

Infections can pose significant health risks. Seek medical attention promptly if you experience any of the following:

• Fever: An unexpected rise in body temperature.
• Swelling or Redness: Around the surgical site.
• Warmth: Unusual heat emanating from the incision area.
• Fluid Seepage: Oozing or bleeding at the surgical site.
• Feeling Unwell: Symptoms like dizziness or weakness.

Nerve or Spinal Cord Issues

Certain symptoms indicate potential nerve or spinal complications that require immediate care:

• Unexpected Tingling or Numbness: Particularly in your legs or feet.
• Acute Pain: Severe and persistent discomfort.
• Muscle Weakness or Paralysis: Any sudden loss of strength or movement in your legs or feet.

By responding quickly to these symptoms, you can ensure a safer and more effective recovery. Always prioritize your health and don’t hesitate to seek professional advice when needed.

Preparing for Spinal Fusion Surgery

Getting ready for spinal fusion surgery involves several key steps to ensure everything goes smoothly and safely. Below are the recommended preparations:

1. Medical Evaluation

Before your surgery, it’s crucial to undergo a thorough medical examination and lab tests. These tests help ensure you’re in optimal health by identifying hidden issues like high blood pressure, blood clotting problems, or kidney function abnormalities.

2. Medication Assessment

Inform your healthcare team about all the medications and supplements you take, including prescriptions, over-the-counter drugs, and herbal supplements. Following your doctor’s instructions precisely is essential, as it can impact both the safety of your surgery and recovery.

3. Anesthesia and Blood Supply Planning

Meeting with an anesthesiology team is a vital part of the process. They will discuss anesthesia options tailored to your needs. Additionally, while blood transfusions are uncommon for this surgery, it’s wise to discuss precautionary measures with your healthcare provider.

4. Quit Nicotine

If you’re a tobacco user in any form, be prepared to quit before the surgery. Nicotine consumption can significantly hinder your body’s healing process and bone tissue regeneration, both of which are crucial for successful surgery outcomes.

5. Organize Post-Surgery Assistance

After the surgery, you’ll have physical restrictions, like lifting limitations and not being able to drive, which makes it difficult to manage daily tasks alone. Arrange for someone to help you during your recovery period.

6. Hygiene and Fasting Instructions

Your healthcare provider will offer instructions on how to cleanse your body either the day before or on the day of surgery. Additionally, you’ll receive guidelines about when to stop consuming food and drinks prior to the procedure.

By adhering to these pre-surgical preparations, you help ensure the best possible outcome for your spinal fusion surgery.

What to Expect on the Day of Your Spinal Fusion

Getting ready for spinal fusion surgery involves several important steps. Here’s a detailed look at what the day will hold for you:

Preparing for Surgery

You’ll start your day in the preparation area, where:

• A nurse will conduct a thorough review of your medical history, current medications, and emergency contacts to ensure everything is in order.
• The anesthesia team will introduce themselves, discuss the anesthesia process with you, and ensure you’re comfortable with the plan.
• Your surgeon or a member of the surgical team will confirm your consent has been signed and will physically mark the surgery site to ensure accuracy.
• An IV line will be inserted into your arm or hand. This will allow the medical team to quickly administer any needed medications and fluids.

Moving to the Operating Room

Once prepared, you’ll be transported to the operating room. Here:

• Monitors will be attached to different parts of your body to track vital signs such as heart rate and oxygen levels, ensuring your safety throughout the procedure.
• You’ll meet the extended surgical team, which includes roles like a scrub technician or nurse assisting the surgeon, a circulator nurse who manages the operating room, the anesthesia team, and surgical assistants.
• A comprehensive safety check will be conducted by the whole team to confirm readiness and prevent any mistakes.

Starting the Surgery

When everything is set and double-checked, the anesthesia will take effect, and you’ll be gently put to sleep for the duration of the surgery.

These steps are designed not only to prepare you physically but also to ease your mind, knowing you are in professional hands each step of the way.

Spinal Fusion Procedure

During a spinal fusion procedure, the surgeon makes an incision and then places bone graft material, either from the patient’s own body or from a donor, between the remaining vertebrae. Metal plates, screws, or rods may also be used to hold the vertebrae in place while the bone graft material fuses them together over time.

The bone graft material used in a spinal fusion serves as a bridge for new bone growth, which eventually fuses the vertebrae together into a single, solid bone. This fusion process can take several months to a year or more, during which time the patient may need to wear a brace to support their spine and limit movement.

After the bone has fully fused, the patient may be able to resume normal activities. There will be a significant reduction in pain and other symptoms associated with the patient’s condition. However, it’s important to note that spinal fusion can result in a part of the back being less flexible than before. This reduced flexibility is a common and expected outcome, particularly with more extensive fusions.

What to Expect Post-Surgery

• Variation in Outcomes: Some individuals return to their daily routines without significant changes, while others may experience limitations or need to adjust their activities.
• Consultation with Healthcare Providers: It’s crucial to discuss your specific situation with your healthcare provider. They can offer insights into what you can realistically expect based on your condition and surgery type.

Understanding these aspects can help manage expectations and prepare for any necessary lifestyle adjustments after spinal fusion surgery.

Post-Surgery Experience

What happens immediately after surgery can vary. If the procedure is outpatient, patients might return home the same day or early the next. For inpatient procedures, a hospital stay of a few days is likely. This time is crucial for initial recovery and monitoring.

Adjustments and Support

Post-surgery, learning how to manage posture is often necessary. This adjustment can impact how one sits, stands, and moves. Patients might also need to wear a brace or support to aid recovery and ensure proper healing.

Activity Limitations

During recovery, certain activities and movements should be avoided as per the healthcare provider’s instructions. Assistance with daily tasks may be needed, as seemingly simple actions can be restricted. It’s essential to follow these guidelines closely to avoid disrupting the healing process. Always ask questions if instructions are unclear.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy is typically recommended a few weeks post-surgery. This step helps patients regain strength and adjust to any changes in their back’s movement post-fusion. It’s an integral part of the healing journey, aiming to restore as much function as possible.

Despite these risks, for many individuals suffering from chronic back pain and related issues, spinal fusion can be the most effective solution. It is crucial to thoroughly discuss with your healthcare provider to determine if this procedure aligns with your specific medical needs and lifestyle. Understanding both the risks and potential outcomes ensures a well-informed decision-making process.

Understanding the Pain of Spinal Fusion

Spinal fusion surgery itself is not typically painful, thanks to the use of anesthesia during the procedure. However, the recovery phase can present some discomfort, which is a normal part of the healing process.

What to Expect Post-Surgery

• Initial Recovery: Immediately after surgery, you will be under medical care to help manage any discomfort. Healthcare professionals use a combination of medication and other pain management techniques to ensure your recovery is as smooth as possible.
• Common Feelings: Expect some degree of soreness or stiffness as your body begins to heal. This is common and tends to subside over time.

Managing Discomfort

• Pain Management Plans: Your healthcare team will develop a personalized pain management plan tailored to your specific needs. This may include prescription medication, physical therapy, or alternative pain relief methods.
• Open Communication: It’s vital to maintain open communication with your healthcare provider. They can help distinguish between normal recovery pain and any signs that might need further assessment.

Tips for a Smoother Recovery

• Follow Medical Advice: Adhere strictly to the instructions provided by your surgeon regarding activity levels and medication.
• Stay Active: Gradual movement, as recommended by a therapist or doctor, can aid in reducing stiffness.
• Monitor Your Progress: Keep track of your recovery and voice any concerns to your healthcare provider promptly.

Understanding what to expect and collaborating with your medical team can make your recovery from spinal fusion more comfortable and less daunting.

Spinal Fusion Benefit

Spinal fusion helps to correct scoliosis and other types of spine conditions. In this surgery, surgeons permanently connect two or more vertebrae in your spine and eliminate motion between them. Also, spinal fusion surgery is a complex and intricate procedure. Hence, the length of the surgery varies from patient to patient.

There are two main types of spinal fusion surgeries.

1 – Posterior Fusion with Spinal Instrumentation:

Posterior fusion with spinal instrumentation is the most common surgery to correct spinal deformity. Here, the surgeon approaches the spine from the back or posterior portion. Upon the surgeon making an incision in the midline of the back, the surgeon will move the muscles to expose the spine.

To begin, the surgeon removes the joints of the affected areas as it helps to loosen up the spaces between the vertebrae. However, if the procedure involves a severe deformity, the doctor may cut the bone to allow realignment of the spine into a more normal position. This is referred to as an osteotomy.

Next, the surgeon roughens the vertebrae to produce faster healing.  In this procedure, the body replaces old bone with new. Eventually, the new bone fills the space between the vertebrae and fuses them together. Additionally, the metal implants or instrumentation, including rods, screws, and hooks or wire made of titanium or cobalt chromium, are secured to the vertebrae. All these things help to straighten and support the spine while fusion takes place.

2 – Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF)

Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is a fusion procedure in which the surgeon approaches the spine through the front abdominal region (anterior) of the body.  Here, the goal is similar to a posterior fusion — the merging of the lumbar vertebrae. However, it includes a step in which the doctor removes the damaged disc and replaces it with a spacer. Bone, metal, plastic, or a combination of these are used in making spacers.

When the surgeon finds the involvement of level L3-S1 or issues with multiple discs, they often prefer the anterior method. Also, the surgeon performs ALIF for different spine conditions, including degenerative disc disease and spondylolisthesis, among others. In addition, it is essential to correct the spinal deformity as severe cases can lead to other major health problems.

During ALIF, the team will include a general or vascular surgeon.  This surgeon will perform the anterior approach and assist during the surgery. By bringing in experts and specialists, we maximize safety for all vascular structures.

Lumbar Spine with Spinal Fusion Hardware.

Please note that it can take up to a year or more for fusion to take place. The actual spinal fusion surgery itself can range from one to five hours, depending on your specific needs and circumstances. Your time in the operating room includes many steps beyond just the fusion process, so your healthcare provider is the best person to give you an accurate estimate of how long your surgery could take.
Also, the factors include age, overall health, adherence to physical therapy, lifestyle factors, and much more. These elements not only affect the recovery and fusion process but can also influence the duration of the surgery itself. By understanding these variables, you can better prepare for both the procedure and the road to recovery.

Initial Recovery Phase

In the first few weeks post-surgery, you’ll likely be able to resume many of your day-to-day activities. Light exercise and activities are reintroduced gradually during this period. Depending on your job and personal recovery progress, returning to work might be possible within a few weeks to a few months.

Long-term Recovery and Expectations

While you’ll start noticing improvements early on, achieving the full benefits of spinal fusion surgery typically takes longer. It’s common to experience reduced flexibility due to the fused vertebrae, which no longer move as they did before. However, many people continue to see benefits and improvements for months after surgery.

By maintaining a healthy lifestyle and following your physical therapy regimen, you can optimize your recovery and adapt to any changes in mobility.

How Long Does a Spinal Fusion Last?

The longevity of spinal fusion surgery varies significantly from one individual to another. While some patient outcomes extend over several years, others may require additional medical interventions sooner.

Factors Influencing Longevity

• Individual Health: Your overall health and lifestyle play a crucial role in the durability of the fusion.
• Type of Fusion: The specific technique and materials used in the procedure can also affect how long the results last.
• Post-Surgery Care: Adhering to rehabilitation and physical therapy regimens can enhance the durability of the fusion.

Possible Longevity

The benefits of spinal fusion can last anywhere from a few years to over a decade. However, some individuals might experience changes over time that necessitate further surgeries, such as re-fusing vertebrae or addressing new spinal issues.

Conclusion

Ultimately, the durability of spinal fusion surgery is not one-size-fits-all. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor the spine’s condition and address any issues promptly.

Why Choose Southwest Scoliosis and Spine Fusion Specialists

Orthopedics is a specialty of our doctors and surgeons at Southwest Scoliosis and Spine Institute. They understand your concerns, can answer your questions regarding your condition, and know how to use their specialized knowledge to assist you. Dr. Shyam Kishan, MD, and Dr. Kathryn Wiesman, MD, have many years of training and experience in Spine and Back Pain for kids, adolescents, young adults, and seniors and can help people of all ages get back to living the life they love.

The following are just a few of the many reasons why patients might choose Southwest Scoliosis and Spine Institute.

• Expertise in the spine: The team of specialists at Southwest Scoliosis and Spine Institute is comprised of spine experts.  They specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal conditions, ensuring the best possible care for their patients.
• Cutting-edge technology: Our practice uses the latest technology and techniques to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions.  In addition, we use minimally invasive procedures that reduce pain and promote faster recovery.
• Comprehensive care: Our practice offers a full range of services, from diagnostic imaging and physical therapy to surgery.  We ensure that patients receive complete, seamless care for their spinal conditions.
• Dedicated facilities: Southwest Scoliosis and Spine Institute is dedicated to providing patients with a safe and comfortable environment.

Finally, our board-certified physicians and fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeons use the full range of treatments to treat their spine patients. Southwest Scoliosis and Spine Institute with offices in Dallas, Plano, and Frisco, Texas offers cutting-edge technology, comprehensive care, and dedicated facilities to ensure the best possible care for their patients. Get in touch with us today at (214) 556-0555 to schedule an appointment.

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American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons – Spinal Fusion: